Excess mortality among older adults institutionalized in long-term care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based analysis in Catalonia.

Objectives: To assess excess mortality among older adults institutionalized in nursing homes within the successive waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Catalonia (north-east Spain). Design: Observational, retrospective analysis of population-based central healthcare registries. Setting and participants: Individuals aged >65 years admitted in any nursing home in Catalonia between January 1, 2015, and April 1, 2022. Methods: Deaths reported during the pre-pandemic period (2015-2019) were used to build a reference model for mortality trends (a Poisson model, due to the event counting nature of the variable "mortality"), adjusted by age, sex, and clinical complexity, defined according to the adjusted morbidity groups. Excess mortality was estimated by comparing the observed and model-based expected mortality during the pandemic period (2020-2022). Besides the crude excess mortality, we estimated the standardized mortality rate (SMR) as the ratio of weekly deaths' number observed to the expected deaths' number over the same period. Results: The analysis included 175,497 older adults institutionalized (mean 262 days, SD 132), yielding a total of 394,134 person-years: 288,948 person-years within the reference period (2015-2019) and 105,186 within the COVID-19 period (2020-2022). Excess number of deaths in this population was 5,403 in the first wave and 1,313, 111, -182, 498, and 329 in the successive waves. The first wave on March 2020 showed the highest SMR (2.50; 95% CI 2.45-2.56). The corresponding SMR for the 2nd to 6th waves were 1.31 (1.27-1.34), 1.03 (1.00-1.07), 0.93 (0.89-0.97), 1.13 (1.10-1.17), and 1.07 (1.04-1.09). The number of excess deaths following the first wave ranged from 1,313 (2nd wave) to -182 (4th wave). Excess mortality showed similar trends for men and women. Older adults and those with higher comorbidity burden account for higher number of deaths, albeit lower SMRs. Conclusion: Excess mortality analysis suggest a higher death toll of the COVID-19 crisis in nursing homes than in other settings. Although crude mortality rates were far higher among older adults and those at higher health risk, younger individuals showed persistently higher SMR, indicating an important death toll of the COVID-19 in these groups of people.

Reply to Inzitari et al. Comment on "Blancafort Alias et al. A Multi-Domain Group-Based Intervention to Promote Physical Activity, Healthy Nutrition, and Psychological Wellbeing in Older People with Losses in Intrinsic Capacity: AMICOPE Development Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 5979".

This is a reply to the comment by Inzitari et al [...].

A Multi-Domain Group-Based Intervention to Promote Physical Activity, Healthy Nutrition, and Psychological Wellbeing in Older People with Losses in Intrinsic Capacity: AMICOPE Development Study.

The World Health Organization has developed the Integrated Care of Older People (ICOPE) strategy, a program based on the measurement of intrinsic capacity (IC) as "the composite of all physical and mental attributes on which an individual can draw". Multicomponent interventions appear to be the most effective approach to enhance IC and to prevent frailty and disability since adapted physical activity is the preventive intervention that has shown the most evidence in the treatment of frailty and risk of falls. Our paper describes the development of a multi-domain group-based intervention addressed to older people living in the community, aimed at improving and/or maintaining intrinsic capacity by means of promoting physical activity, healthy nutrition, and psychological wellbeing in older people. The process of intervention development is described following the Guidance for reporting intervention development studies in health research (GUIDED). The result of this study is the AMICOPE intervention (Aptitude Multi-domain group-based intervention to improve and/or maintain IC in Older PEople) built upon the ICOPE framework and described following the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) guidelines. The intervention consists of 12 face-to-face sessions held weekly for 2.5 h over three months and facilitated by a pair of health and social care professionals. This study represents the first stage of the UK Medical Research Council framework for developing and evaluating a complex intervention. The next step should be carrying out a feasibility study for the AMICOPE intervention and, at a later stage, assessing the effectiveness in a randomized controlled trial.

Determinants of the number of days people in the general population spent at home during end-of-life: Results from a population-based cohort analysis.

BACKGROUND: The number of days spent at home in the last six months of life has been proposed as a comprehensive indicator of high-value patient-centered care; however, information regarding the determinants of this outcome is scarce, particularly among the general population. We investigated the determinants of spending time at home within the six months preceding death. METHODS: Population-based, retrospective analysis of administrative databases of the Catalan government. The analysis included adult (≥18 years) individuals who died in Catalonia (North-east Spain) in 2017 and met the McNamara criteria for palliative care. The primary outcome was the number of days spent at home within the last 180 days of life. Other variables included the cause of death, demographic characteristics, and socioeconomic status, stratified as very low, low, mid, and high level. RESULTS: The analysis included 40,137 individuals (19,510 women; 20,627 men), who spent a median of 140 days (IQR 16-171) at home within the six months preceding death (women 140 [16-171]; men 150 [100-171]). Female gender was an independent factor of staying fewer days at home (OR 0.80 [95% CI 0.77-0.82]; p<0.001). Higher socioeconomic levels were significantly associated with an increasing number of days at home in both genders: among women, ORs of the low, middle, and high levels were 1.09 (0.97-1.22), 1.54 (1.36-1.75), and 2.52 (1.69-3.75) (p<0.001), respectively; the corresponding ORs among men were 1.27 (1.12-1.43), 1.56 (1.38-1.77), 2.82 (2.04-3.88) (p<0.001). The presence of dementia was a strong predictor of spending less time at home in women (0.41 (0.38-0.43); p<0.001) and men (0.45 (0.41-0.48); p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that end-of-life care is associated with gender and socioeconomic inequalities; women and individuals with lower socioeconomic status spend less time at home within the last 180 days of life.

Organización paliativa durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 y propuestas para la adaptación de los servicios y programas de cuidados paliativos y de atención psicosocial ante la posibilidad de reactivación de la pandemia y época pos-COVID-19 / Palliative organization during the COVID-19 pandemic and proposals to adapt palliative and psychosocial care services and programs in the face of potential pandemic reactivation and the post-COVID-19 world

INTRODUCCIÓN: La irrupción brusca e intensa de la COVID-19 en nuestra sociedad ha provocado un elevado sufrimiento en pacientes y familias, así como una elevada presión en profesionales y servicios. Sus peculiares características han hecho emerger la atención paliativa como uno de los ejes principales de su abordaje. Este hecho ha provocado una reestructuración de equipos y servicios de cuidados paliativos y atención psicosocial. OBJETIVOS: Describir la respuesta inicial de diversos equipos de cuidados paliativos y atención psicosocial ante la pandemia por la COVID-19, así como elaborar una serie de recomendaciones ante la posibilidad de una nueva reactivación de la pandemia. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Tras una revisión narrativa de la literatura se elaboró un cuestionario con los elementos organizativos más destacados. Este cuestionario se envió a diversos expertos y referentes en cuidados paliativos en España. En una segunda fase, y tras el análisis de los resultados del cuestionario, se elaboraron una serie de recomendaciones. RESULTADOS: Los elementos destacados de la revisión de la literatura fueron: 1) preparación y protección de equipos; 2) presencia de los cuidados paliativos en el sistema; 3) intervención en pacientes agudos; 4) desarrollo de planes asistenciales; 5) provisión de medicación esencial; 6) voluntariado; 7) docencia, y 8) participación de la sociedad. Respondieron 26 de los 31 expertos. Los resultados muestran una respuesta organizativa variable, desde implicación y liderazgo hasta reducción de estructuras, de acuerdo con su posición previa en el sistema. Dentro de las propuestas para afrontar una nueva ola de la pandemia se encuentran: 1) evaluación del estado de los equipos; 2) valorar el grado de adaptación y respuesta a la crisis; 3) conocer las nuevas necesidades; 4) promover una intervención proactiva; y 5) reprogramar los actuales planes de cuidados paliativos. CONCLUSIONES: El presente trabajo muestra la respuesta inicial global de los equipos paliativos ante la pandemia por la COVID-19 y propone una serie de recomendaciones sobre las que plantear intervenciones futuras que respondan a la futura realidad pos-COVID-19

INTRODUCTION: The sudden and intense COVID-19 outbreak has caused in our society a lot of suffering in patients and families alike, and has also put high pressure on professionals and services. Its peculiar characteristics have led to the emergence of palliative care as one of the main axes for its approach. This fact has led to a restructuring of palliative care and psychosocial care teams and services. AIMS: To describe the initial response of various palliative care and psychosocial care teams to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to draw up a series of recommendations regarding the possibility of a new reactivation of the pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: After a narrative review of the literature, a questionnaire was prepared with the most outstanding organizational elements. This questionnaire was sent to various experts and opinion leaders in palliative care in Spain. In a second phase, and after analyzing the results of the questionnaire, a series of recommendations were issued. RESULTS: The highlighted elements of the literature review were: 1) equipment preparation and protection; 2) the presence of palliative care in the health system; 3) intervention in acute patients; 4) development of care plans; 5) provision of essential medication; 6) volunteering; 7) teaching; and 8) civil society participation. A total of 26 out of 31 experts responded. The results show a variable organizational response, from involvement and leadership to reduction of structures, according to the the position previously held in the system. Among the proposals to face a new wave of the pandemic are: 1) evaluating the state of equipments; 2) assessing the degree of adaptation and response to the crisis; 3) satisfying new needs; 4) promoting proactive intervention; and 5) reprograming current palliative care plans. CONCLUSIONS: This work shows the initial global response of palliative teams to the COVID-19 pandemic, and issues a series of recommendations on which future interventions to respond to post-COVID-19 reality should be based

Recomendaciones éticas para la toma de decisiones difíciles en las unidades de cuidados intensivos ante la situación excepcional de crisis por la pandemia por covid-19: revisión rápida y consenso de expertos / Ethical recommendations for a difficult decision-making in intensive care units due to the exceptional situation of crisis by the covid-19 pandemia: a rapid review & consensus of experts

Ante la situación excepcional de salud pública provocada por la pandemia por COVID-19, desde el grupo de ética de la Sociedad Española de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crítica y Unidades Coronarias (SEMICYUC) se ha promovido un trabajo de consenso, con el objetivo de encontrar algunas respuestas desde la ética a la encrucijada entre el incremento de personas con necesidades de atención intensiva y la disponibilidad efectiva de medios. En un periodo muy corto de tiempo, se ha cambiado el marco de ejercicio de la medicina hacia un escenario de "medicina de catástrofe", con el consecuente cambio en los parámetros de toma de decisiones. En este contexto la asignación de recursos o la priorización de tratamiento pasan a ser elementos cruciales, y es importante contar con un marco de referencia ético para poder tomar las decisiones clínicas necesarias. Para ello, se ha realizado un proceso de revisión narrativa de la evidencia, seguida de u. consenso de expertos no sistematizado, que ha tenido como resultado tanto la publicación de un documento de posicionamiento y recomendaciones de la propia SEMICYUC, como el consenso entre 18 sociedades científicas y 5 institutos/cátedras de bioética y cuidados paliativos de un documento marco de referencia de recomendaciones éticas generales en este contexto de crisis

In view of the exceptional public health situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, a consensus work has been promoted from the ethics group of the Spanish Society of the Spanish Society of Intensive, Critical Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC), with the objective of finding some answers from ethics to the crossroads between the increase of people with intensive care needs and the effective availability of means. In a very short period, the medical practice framework has been changed to a "catastrophe medicine" scenario, with the consequent change in the decision-making parameters. In this context, the allocation ofresources or the prioritization of treatment become crucial elements, and it is important to have an ethical reference framework to be able to make the necessary clinical decisions.For this, a process of narrative review of the evidence has been carried out, followed by u. Unsystematic consensus of experts, which has resulted in both the publication of a position paper and recommendations from SEMICYUC itself, and the consensus between 18 scientific societies and 5 institutes / chairs of bioethics and palliative care of a framework document of reference for general ethical recommendations in this context of crisis

Chair ICO/UVIC-UCC of palliative care at the University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia: an innovative multidisciplinary model of education, research and knowledge transfer.

OBJECTIVES: Generation and dissemination of knowledge is a relevant challenge of palliative care (PC). The Chair Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)/University of Vic (UVIC) of Palliative Care (CPC) was founded in 2012, as a joint project of the ICO and the University of Vic/Central of Catalonia to promote the development of PC with public health and community-oriented vision and academic perspectives. The initiative brought together professionals from a wide range of disciplines (PC, geriatrics, oncology, primary care and policy) and became the first chair of PC in Spain. We describe the experience of the CPC at its fifth year of implementation. METHODS: Data collection from annual reports, publications, training and research activities. RESULTS: Results for period 2012-2017 are classified into three main blocks: (1) Programme: (a) The advanced chronic care model (Palliative needs (NECPAL)); (b) the psychosocial and spiritual domains of care (Psychosocial needs (PSICPAL)); (c) advance care planning and shared decision making (Advance care planning (PDAPAL)); and (d) the compassive communities projects (Society involvement (SOCPAL)). (2) Education and training activities: (a) The master of PC, 13 editions and 550 professionals trained; (b) postgraduate course on psychosocial care, 4 editions and 140 professionals trained; and (c) workshops on specific topics, pregraduate training and online activities with a remarkable impact on the Spanish-speaking community. (3) Knowledge-transfer activities and research projects: (a) Development of 20 PhDs projects; and (b) 59 articles and 6 books published. CONCLUSION: Being the first initiative of chair in PC in Spain, the CPC has provided a framework of multidisciplinary areas that have generated innovative experiences and projects in PC.

Ethical Challenges of Early Identification of Advanced Chronic Patients in Need of Palliative Care: The Catalan Experience.

Palliative care must be early applied to all types of advanced chronic and life limited prognosis patients, present in all health and social services. Patients' early identification and registry allows introducing palliative care gradually concomitant with other measures. Patients undergo a systematic and integrated care process, meant to improve their life quality, which includes multidimensional assessment of their needs, recognition of their values and preferences for advance care planning purposes, treatments review, family care, and case management. Leaded by the National Department of Health, a program for the early identification of these patients has been implemented in Catalonia (Spain). Although the overall benefits expected, the program has raised some ethical issues. In order to address these challenges, diverse institutions, including bioethics and ethics committees, have elaborated a proposal for the program's advantages. This paper describes the process of evaluation, elaboration of recommendations, and actions done in Catalonia.

Compassionate communities: design and preliminary results of the experience of Vic (Barcelona, Spain) caring city.

BACKGROUND: A program of Compassionate City or Community (CC) has been designed and developed in the City of Vic (43,964 habitants, Barcelona, Spain), based on The Compassionate City Charter and other public health literature and experiments, with the joint leadership of the City Council and the Chair of Palliative Care at the University of Vic, and as an expansion of a comprehensive and integrated system of palliative care. METHODS: The program started with an assessment of needs of the city as identified by 48 social organizations with a foundational workshop and a semi-structured survey. After this assessment, the mission, vision, values and aims were agreed. The main aims consisted in promoting changes in social and cultural attitudes toward the end of life (EoL) and providing integrated care for people with advanced chronic conditions and social needs such as loneliness, poverty, low access to services at home, or conflict. The selected slogan was "Living with meaning, dignity, and support the end of life". RESULTS: The program for the first year has included 19 activities (cultural, training, informative, and mixed) and followed by 1,260 attendants, and the training activities were followed by 147 people. Local and regional sponsors are funding the initiative. After a year, a quantitative and qualitative evaluation was performed, showing high participation and satisfaction of the attendants and organizations. In the second year, the care for particular vulnerable people defined as targets (EoL and social factors described before) will start with volunteers with more organizations to join the project. CONCLUSIONS: The key identified factors for the initial success are: the strong joint leadership between social department of the Council and the University; clear aims and targets; high participation rates; the limited size of the geographical context; which allowed high participation and recognition; and the commitment to evaluate results.

Utility of the NECPAL CCOMS-ICO© tool and the Surprise Question as screening tools for early palliative care and to predict mortality in patients with advanced chronic conditions: A cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The Surprise Question (SQ) identifies patients with palliative care needs. The NECPAL CCOMS-ICO© (NECPAL) tool combines the Surprise Question with additional clinical parameters for a more comprehensive assessment. The capacity of these screening tools to predict mortality is still unknown. AIM: To explore the predictive validity of the NECPAL and SQ to determine 12- to 24-month mortality. DESIGN: Longitudinal, prospective and observational cohort study. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Three primary care centres, one general hospital, one intermediate care centre, and four nursing homes. Population cohort with advanced chronic conditions and limited life prognosis. Patients were classified according to SQ and NECPAL criteria and followed for 24 months. RESULTS: Data available to assess 1059 of 1064 recruited patients (99.6%) at 12 and 24 months: 837 patients were SQ+ and 780 were NECPAL+. Mortality rates at 24 months were as follows: 44.6% (SQ+) versus 15.8% (SQ-) and 45.8% (NECPAL+) versus 18.3% (NECPAL-) ( p = 0.000). SQ+ and NECPAL+ identification was significantly correlated with 24-month mortality risk (hazard ratios: 2.719 and 2.398, respectively). Both tools were highly sensitive (91.4, CI: 88.7-94.1 and 87.5, CI: 84.3-90.7) with high negative predictive values (84.2, CI: 79.4-89.0 and 81.7, CI: 77.2-86.2), with low specificity and positive predictive value. The prognostic accuracy of SQ and NECPAL was 52.9% and 55.2%, respectively. The predictive validity was slightly better for NECPAL. CONCLUSION: SQ and NECPAL are valuable screening instruments to identify patients with limited life prognosis who may require palliative care. More research is needed to increase its prognostic utility in combination with other parameters.

Prevalence and characteristics of patients with advanced chronic conditions in need of palliative care in the general population: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Of deaths in high-income countries, 75% are caused by progressive advanced chronic conditions. Palliative care needs to be extended from terminal cancer to these patients. However, direct measurement of the prevalence of people in need of palliative care in the population has not been attempted. AIM: Determine, by direct measurement, the prevalence of people in need of palliative care among advanced chronically ill patients in a whole geographic population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, population-based study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: prevalence of advanced chronically ill patients in need of palliative care according to the NECPAL CCOMS-ICO(©) tool. NECPAL+ patients were considered as in need of palliative care. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: County of Osona, Catalonia, Spain (156,807 inhabitants, 21.4% > 65 years). Three randomly selected primary care centres (51,595 inhabitants, 32.9% of County's population) and one district general hospital, one social-health centre and four nursing homes serving the patients. Subjects were all patients attending participating settings between November 2010 and October 2011. RESULTS: A total of 785 patients (1.5% of study population) were NECPAL+: mean age = 81.4 years; 61.4% female. Main disease/condition: 31.3% advanced frailty, 23.4% dementia, 12.9% cancer (ratio of cancer/non-cancer = 1/7), 66.8% living at home and 19.7% in nursing home; only 15.5% previously identified as requiring palliative care; general clinical indicators of severity and progression present in 94% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Direct measurement of prevalence of palliative care needs on a population basis is feasible. Early identification and prevalence determination of these patients is likely to be the cornerstone of palliative care public health policies.

Identificación de personas con enfermedades crónicas avanzadas y necesidad de atención paliativa en servicios sanitarios y sociales: elaboración del instrumento NECPAL CCOMS-ICO © / Identification of people with chronic advanced diseases and need of palliative care in sociosanitary services: Elaboration of the NECPAL CCOMS-ICO © tool

Fundamento y objetivo: El 75% de las personas en nuestro país morirá a causa de enfermedades crónicas progresivas. La atención a la cronicidad avanzada es uno de los principales retos de los sistemas sanitarios públicos. Este estudio describe la elaboración de un instrumento de identificación de pacientes con enfermedades crónicas avanzadas y pronóstico de vida limitado que pueden requerir algún tipo de intervención paliativa en nuestro entorno sanitario y social. Material y método: Traducción al castellano del PIG/GSF, adaptación cultural y clínica, con identificación de indicadores de severidad y progresión -generales y específicos-; estudio de validez de contenido y pretest. Resultados: El instrumento NECPAL CCOMS-ICO propone una evaluación cuanticualitativa, multifactorial, indicativa y no dicotómica que combina evaluaciones de percepción subjetiva (la pregunta sorpresa) con demanda y necesidades percibidas; parámetros de severidad y progresión, síndromes geriátricos, aspectos emocionales, comorbilidad y uso de recursos; e indicadores específicos para enfermedades seleccionadas. Conclusiones: El instrumento NECPAL CCOMS-ICO , factible y de fácil uso, permitiría identificar a los pacientes crónicos avanzados con necesidades paliativas de toda causa, de manera precoz y en todos los recursos (AU)

Background and objective: Around 75% of the population in our country will die as a consequence of chronic advanced diseases. Advanced chronic care is one of the major challenges for public health systems. This study describes the development of a tool to identify patients with advanced chronic diseases and life limited prognosis that might require some type of palliative intervention in our health and social environment. Material and methods: Spanish translation of PIG/GSF, cultural and clinical adaptation, identification of indicators of severity and progression -general and specific-; study of content validity and pre-test. Results: The NECPAL CCOMS-ICO tool proposes a quantitative-qualitative, multifactorial, indicative and not dichotomous evaluation combining subjective perception assessment (surprise question) with demand and perceived needs; parameters of severity and progression, geriatric syndromes, emotional aspects, comorbidity and use of resources; and indicators for selected pathologies (AU)

Identifying patients with chronic conditions in need of palliative care in the general population: development of the NECPAL tool and preliminary prevalence rates in Catalonia.

Palliative care (PC) has focused on patients with cancer within specialist services. However, around 75% of the population in middle-income and high-income countries die of one or more chronic advanced diseases. Early identification of such patients in need of PC becomes crucial. In this feature article we describe the initial steps of the NECPAL (Necesidades Paliativas [Palliative Needs]) Programme. The focus is on development of the NECPAL tool to identify patients in need of PC; preliminary results of the NECPAL prevalence study, which assessed prevalence of advanced chronically ill patients within the population and all socio-health settings of Osona; and initial implementation of the NECPAL Programme in the region. As first measures of the Programme, we present the NECPAL tool. The main differences from the British reference tools on which NECPAL is based are highlighted. The preliminary results of the prevalence study show that 1.45% of the total population and 7.71% of the population aged over 65 are 'surprise question' positive, while 1.33% and 7.00%, respectively, are NECPAL positive, and surprise question positive with at least one additional positive parameter. More than 50% suffer from geriatric pluri-pathology conditions or dementia. The pilot phase of the Programme consists of developing sectorised policies to improve PC in three districts of Catalonia. The first steps to design and implement a Programme to improve PC for patients with chronic conditions with a public health and population-based approach are to identify these patients and to assess their prevalence in the healthcare system.

[Identification of people with chronic advanced diseases and need of palliative care in sociosanitary services: elaboration of the NECPAL CCOMS-ICO© tool]. / Identificación de personas con enfermedades crónicas avanzadas y necesidad de atención paliativa en servicios sanitarios y sociales: elaboración del instrumento NECPAL CCOMS-ICO(©)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Around 75% of the population in our country will die as a consequence of chronic advanced diseases. Advanced chronic care is one of the major challenges for public health systems. This study describes the development of a tool to identify patients with advanced chronic diseases and life limited prognosis that might require some type of palliative intervention in our health and social environment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Spanish translation of PIG/GSF, cultural and clinical adaptation, identification of indicators of severity and progression -general and specific-; study of content validity and pre-test. RESULTS: The NECPAL CCOMS-ICO(©) tool proposes a quantitative-qualitative, multifactorial, indicative and not dichotomous evaluation combining subjective perception assessment (surprise question) with demand and perceived needs; parameters of severity and progression, geriatric syndromes, emotional aspects, comorbidity and use of resources; and indicators for selected pathologies. CONCLUSIONS: The NECPAL CCOMS-ICO(©) tool, feasible and easy to use, would identify patients with advanced chronic palliative needs of any cause, early and in all resources.

Time-dependent prognostic factors of 6-month mortality in frail elderly patients admitted to post-acute care.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between functional and nutritional changes caused by an acute illness requiring hospitalisation and 6-month mortality. DESIGN: Hospital-based prospective longitudinal cohort study. SETTING: Acute care centre (Hospital General de Vic, Barcelona Province, Spain). Post-acute care centre (Hospital de la Santa Creu de Vic, Barcelona Province, Spain). SUBJECTS: Hundred sixty five patients aged 75 years and older, hospitalised for an acute event. METHODS: Functional status (Barthel and Lawton Indices), cognitive status (Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire), nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment, albumin, cholesterol), depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale), co-morbidity (Charlson Index) and self-rated health status were collected upon admission to the post-acute care centre. Functional and nutritional status were assessed 1, 3 and 6 months after admission by a trained staff of geriatricians. Six-month mortality was the main outcome variable. Survival analysis was performed with functional and nutritional status as time-dependent variables. RESULTS: The mean age of the cohort was 83.3 years (SD 5.1) and 68.5% were female. Six-month mortality was 29.1% (95% CI: 22.2-36.7). The variables associated with mortality in bivariate analysis were: gender, Barthel Index (2 weeks before admission), Lawton Index (2 weeks before admission), Charlson Index, Barthel Index (time-dependent), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) (time-dependent) and cognitive status. The variables associated with mortality in multivariate analysis were: gender, Barthel Index (2 weeks before admission), Charlson Index and MNA (time-dependent). CONCLUSIONS: Functional and nutritional changes due to an acute illness have a statistical and clinical prognostic value and should be assessed along with other well-known relevant prognostic factors.